Magnesium is a vital micronutrient involved in more than 600 enzymatic reactions, playing indispensable roles in energy metabolism, neuromuscular conduction, neurotransmitter synthesis, and cellular stress resilience.1,2 As the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium, magnesium plays a critical role in maintaining ionic gradients, regulating intracellular hydration, and supporting cellular homeostasis under both physiological and stress conditions.3 Yet despite its ubiquity, magnesium deficiency, both overt and subclinical, is remarkably common and clinically underrecognized, especially in the context of chronic stress,…

By: Yekta Dowlati, PhD GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), including semaglutide and liraglutide, have redefined therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes and obesity by harnessing incretin biology to achieve profound metabolic benefits.1 These agents enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon, delay gastric emptying, and reduce appetite through central and peripheral pathways. However, the same physiological mechanisms that underpin their efficacy are intrinsically linked to gastrointestinal (GI) side effects—an area of growing clinical significance.2 Nausea, early satiety, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation…

By: Yekta Dowlati, PhD   The therapeutic landscape for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been revolutionized by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), with weight reductions approaching magnitudes once exclusive to bariatric surgery. Yet, alongside dramatic fat mass loss, emerging data underscore a concerning reality: a substantial fraction of weight shed on GLP-1 RAs is lean mass — up to 40% in some trials.1,2 As muscle quantity and quality are integral to metabolic resilience, physical function, and…

By: Yekta Dowlati, PhD The advent of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) marks a transformative era in obesity and type 2 diabetes management. As of 2024, 6% of adults in the United States are currently using GLP-1 medications, with 12% reporting either current or previous use.1 Among those who have been diagnosed with overweight or obesity by a healthcare provider, this figure increases to 22%.1 These agents—such as semaglutide and tirzepatide—deliver clinically meaningful weight loss, improved glycemic control, and cardiovascular…

Akkermansia muciniphila is a unique mucin-loving keystone species residing in the human gastrointestinal tract, purportedly offering health benefits, especially in the realms of metabolic health and obesity.1 Clinical investigations exploring A. muciniphila supplementation in overweight and obese cohorts seek to elucidate its potential impact on metabolic parameters, adiposity, and other health metrics. Studies consistently show reduced abundance in obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and other metabolic conditions.2 Intervention studies in animals demonstrated A. muciniphila administration reversed high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders,…

Patients with obesity suffer from chronic, low-grade inflammation.1 That’s partly due to dysfunctions in the ability to endogenously create specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs).1 SPMs communicate with immune cells, telling them the inflammatory process is no longer needed and to finish the job.2 However, in many conditions, including obesity, the capability to send these potent signaling molecules can diminish, and so too can their effects.1-3 As a result, inflammation smolders and further perpetuates a vast array of associated conditions such as…

Menopause can be a serious disruption to a woman’s life. For decades, women and their doctors have turned to hormone replacement and nonhormonal therapies to seek relief. Many women prefer not to take hormones, or for various reasons hormones present a specific health risk, taking them off the table for therapy. A plant extract (ERr 731), made from Siberian rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum) has been in use for treating menopause in Europe since the 1990s and is now gaining momentum in…

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a mainstay for treating menopause, but more and more women are searching for non-hormonal therapies. An extract from Siberian Rhubarb (latin name Rheum rhaponticum) has been in use treating menopause for decades, and is now gaining popularity in more markets worldwide. Recently (2021) another clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of this extract, ERr-731, in treating menopause in Indian women.1 In this Indian trial researchers found a 4 mg once daily dose led to…

Metabolic detoxification (detox)—or biotransformation—is a physiological function that removes toxic substances of endogenous or exogenous origin from the body. Because the function and regulation of this process varies from person to person, different people can have a different sensitivity to toxic substances and their effects on the development of a variety of diseases such as liver conditions, fertility problems, and cancer. Along with sex, age, and lifestyle, genetics play an important role in this variability. But do we actually know…

Probiotic Strain L. paracasei Lpc-37® Reduced Stress in Healthy Adults Scientists have been searching for “psychobiotics,” probiotics that can modify the gut-brain axis,1 and now a recent publication using a robust clinical trial design demonstrated a probiotic strain that improved the stress response. Previous preclinical studies demonstrated that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37 (Lpc-37), formerly known as Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37 prevented the development of certain behaviors associated with chronic stress.2 This “psychobiotic” candidate was selected from other probiotic strains for clinical effects on perceived stress…