Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic health condition comprised of a group of risk factors that raise the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) identified five risk factors that indicate that a patient may have MetS. These include a large waistline, elevated triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood glucose. As prevalence and incidence of obesity increase globally, the risk of developing MetS increases as well. The NIH indicates that…

Pathology & Prevalence of Asthma Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disorder that is characterized by “asthma attacks” during which airflow is obstructed. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that in the prevalence of asthma among children is 8.6% and among adults is 7.4%. While boys are likelier than girls to have asthma, adult women are almost twice as likely to have asthma than are adult men. African Americans have the highest prevalence of asthma, at 9.9%. The prevalence has…

Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are both inflammatory disorders that affect the cartilage and the lining of the joints, respectively. The Cleveland Clinic indicates that osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the United States. It affects more than 70% of adults between 55 and 78 years of age, more commonly affecting women than men. The earliest symptoms of OA are joint stiffness, pain, and swelling. It is most common in the knee, hip, spine, and hands. Activity and…

Intuitively, we understand that our health status declines as we age. Increasing incidence of morbidity associated with chronic diseases leads to reduced mobility in our elder years, which has downstream effects on our mental health and overall quality of life as we age. Research is showing us that many of the chronic conditions associated with aging are actually themselves associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, not resulting from any specific injury. This confluence of health conditions that emerge in advancing age…

So far in our series on inflammation and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), we have covered a variety of topics, including aging and vascular disease. Those two topics come together in this post on women’s health as they age and experience the menopausal transition. Compelling research from Erasmus MC published in JAMA showed that early onset menopause is associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease. We know aging and vascular disease are both associated with inflammation, but is menopause specifically associated with…

by Nilima Desai, MPH, RD In today’s fast-paced world it seems like most people are under some type of stress. In fact, the World Health Organization’s Global Burden of Disease Survey reports by the year 2020, stress-related conditions will be the second leading cause of disability.1 Stress is defined as, “a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and may be a factor in disease causation”.2 It’s important to remember that not all stress is bad,…

by Romilly Hodges, MS, CNS Sometimes a simple low FODMAPs diet, or a course of prescription or botanical antimicrobials, is enough to shift a case of SIBO. But if your experience is anything like ours, some cases are much harder to address and can be much more prone to recurrence. If you’re presented with a difficult SIBO case (or if you yourself feel like a difficult case!), read on to find out what else you should be thinking about. What is…

For the past 40 years, clinical research in inflammation has been focused on blocking, suppressing or inhibiting an inflammatory response. This focus was largely driven by an interest to facilitate recovery, modulate a better immune response and to minimize or manage pain responses. And, while these approaches have resulted in symptomatic relief, unknowingly, blocking the inflammatory response resulted in suppression of an active process now known to fully resolve the inflammatory response. The outcome of this has since been shown…

by Milene Brownlow, PhD It seems like we’re always on our way to a destination. Whether it’s a physical journey, such as traveling out of town, or a mental one, like getting ready for a job interview, we must prepare for the journey in order to get there. Entering a state of ketosis is no different. Strategic planning is important. What is “ketosis,” and how can you get there? Many people associate ketosis with a popular diet program and as…

by Lewis Chang, PhD This multi-part series will help you understand what prebiotics are, what they do, and how they may improve the health of your patients. Based on published scientific literature, this series will also clarify common misconceptions surrounding prebiotics and summarize clinical evidence of specific ingredients with prebiotic properties Series Part 3: Regarding Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) Uniquely human It was more than 100 years ago when researchers first noticed that breast-fed infants had higher survival rate and…